$ 1 About Plato
As a founder of Western philosophy: Natural philosophy ___ Ethics ____ Dialectics
His teacher: Socrates.
His experience: slave, “king”, philosopher (not a sophist), tutor (academy)
His ideal state is ordered state, related to his idea.
$ 2 Text
1) The nature of imitation itself p11
* Soul: rational (rational) ---understanding knowledge
passionate (passion) ---emotion, ambition, fame, honor
appetitive (appetite)---bodily desire, acquisitive
* form / idea
(Question: use, for our use)
* Naïve imitation in the mirror appearance only
* Bed: 1essence and real 2 particular 3 appearance
God creator real bed, form of idea, essence of bed
Maker carpenter particular bed
Painter: Ruinous appearance
artificer=artist
2) The bad effects of imitation
p14
*“隔三层” is third in descent from nature an imitator?
is the trice removed from the king and from the truth?
is thrice removed from the truth?
p15 no worth; play; high degree in imitation
* essence – semblance
3) The reason to take away the poets
p16
* It is easily imitated, passionate fitful temper. 摹仿,摹仿的是人心中低劣的。
Inferior degree of truth; concern with an inferior part of the soul
*The imitative art is an inferior who marries an inferior, and has inferior offspring.
摹仿是低劣的,摹仿的对象是低劣的,低劣+低劣的offspring
荷马(Homer--Homeros)B.C.E 8~7(About)
Homer Epics Iliad Odyssey
* Sympathy (Emma) p 17
sympathetic element , break loose-------gather strength -------difficult to be repressed in own.
* ridiculous: jest buffoon
* desire: lust anger pain
p18. condition
朱光潜译:
这种诗用不着认真理睬,本来她和真理隔开;听她的人须警惕提防,怕他心灵中的城邦被她毁坏;我们要定下法律,不轻易放她进来。
4) Establish a challenge
*EX p11
He could hardly be supposed to be speaking the truth.
* Any theories of art as imitation must deal with.
*style of the dialogue:曲折晦涩,迂回隐晦 如P11。
希腊古瓮颂 Ode on a Grecian Urn
济慈 Keats
哦,希腊的形状!唯美的观照!
上面缀有石雕的男人和女人,
还有林木,和践踏过的青草;
沉默的形体呵,你象是“永恒”
使人超越思想:呵,冰冷的牧歌!
等暮年使这一世代都凋落,
只有你如旧;在另外的一些
忧伤中,你会抚慰后人说:
“美即是真,真即是美,”这就包括
你们所知道、和该知道的一切。
(Selected Poem)